Aa  0@ p@0p0@@ 0  @P Pp0@@@իX,X,Xի@ISF!"?ISFfgdwMX̀̀̀ff@  'd Footnote TableFootnote**.\t.\t/ - :;,.!? cc d-TOCHeading1Heading2   EquationVariables3.0a] RX(\]Gu<K #XgH!eQD )1N XC      T R   R  UTB \\S  ]GE#$'(+,H 0134Kh; < ?!@!H RG"H"J#K#M$N$P%Q%S&T&V'W'Y(Z(\)])_*`*b+c+g,h,j-k-m.n.p/q/t0u0}1~12233RYEYLYZZY|Y~YYY????Y J !T" M12722: Figure: Figure 3: Traditional Customer-Provider Management Interaction e14855: Figure: Figure 3: Management Interaction in an Active Telecom Environment that follows the VAN \16278: Figure: Figure 3: Active Network Node Architecture in a Customer-Privider Environment 336365: TableTitle: TABLE 1 VAN Management Interface D37719: Figure: Figure 6: Situation at the Start of the Demonstration t30903: Figure: Figure 8: View of the Service Management Station after Provisioning a VAN for the particular Customer :17377: Caption: Figure 8: Generic Active Node Architecture o20906: Figure: Figure 7: View of the VAN Provisioning System before (a) and after (b) Provisioning of a new VAN p22648: Figure: Figure 8: Node Structure after Installing an IP-Service and Upgrading to a Multi-Class-IP-Service 316654: Heading1: 3 The Concept of an Active Network+ P24124: Heading1: 3 Customer-Provider Interactions in Active Telecom Environments, W36109: Heading2: 4.1 Customer-Provider Interactions in Traditional Telecom Environments; *42231: Heading1: 3 Virtual Active NetworksH S39438: Heading1: 4 The ANET Platform -- A Testbed for an Active Telecom Environmentd 40510: Heading1: 5 Related Work .16466: Heading1: 6 Discussion and Further Work s22677: Lit Reference: [5] AN Architecture Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, Ken Calvert y28811: Lit Reference: [11] D. L. Tennenhouse, J. M. Smith, W. D. Sincoskie, D. J. Weatherall, G. J. Minden, A Survey of h14844: Lit Reference: 20. M. Brunner, R. Stadler, The impact of active networking technology on service x22800: Lit Reference: [7] S. Da Silva, Y. Yemini, D.Florissi, The Netscript Project, ICC Workshop on active Networking z19299: Lit Reference: [19] D. Decaspar, G. Parulkar, B. Plattner, A Scalable, High Performance Active Network Node, TODO x22615: Lit Reference: [15] D.J. Wetherall, J.V. Guttag, D. L. Tennenhouse, ANTS: A Toolkit for Building and Dynamically |14128: Lit Reference: [15] J. Smith, D. Fraber, C. Gunter, S. Nettles, D. Feldmeier, W. Sincoskie, SwitchWare: Accelerating y10141: Lit Reference: [16] S. Bhattacharjee, K. L. Calvert, E. W. Zegura, An Architecture for Active NEtworking, in pro {42724: Lit Reference: [7] U. Legedaza, J. Guttag, Using Network-level Support to Improve Cache Routing, 3rd International z16495: Lit Reference: [17] S. Bhattacharjee, K. L. Calvert, E. W. Zegura, Self-organizing wide-area network caches, IEEE y26771: Lit Reference: [14] Y. Yemini., S. da Silva, Towards Programmable Networks, Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Interna y31350: Lit Reference: [14] J. E. van der Merwe, I. M. Leslie, Switchlets a Dynamic Virtual ATM Networks, Proceedings of v38903: Lit Reference: [22] A.A. Lazar, K.S. Lim, F. Marconcini, Realizing a Foundation for Programmability of ATM Net {29862: Lit Reference: [9] J. Biswas, A. Lazar, J. Huard, K. Lim, S. Mahjoub, L. Pau, M. Suzuki, S. Torstensson, W. Wang, S. }21565: Lit Reference: [3] A. Campbell, M. Kounavis, H. De Meer, K. Miki, J. Vicente,Toward Programmable Virtual Networking, l33702: Lit Reference: [19] S. Alexander, W. Arbaugh, M. Hicks, P. Kakkar, A. Keromytis, J. Moore, C. Gunter, j38828: Lit Reference: [20] M. Hicks, P. Kakkar, J. Moore, C. Gunter, S. Nettles, Network Programming with38 `316654: Heading1: 3 The Concept of an Active Network8 `316654: Heading1: 3 The Concept of an Active Network8 `P24124: Heading1: 3 Customer-Provider Interactions in Active Telecom Environments8 `S39438: Heading1: 4 The ANET Platform -- A Testbed for an Active Telecom Environment8 `40510: Heading1: 5 Related Work8 `.16466: Heading1: 6 Discussion and Further Work8 `s22677: Lit Reference: [5] AN Architecture Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, Ken Calvert8 `y28811: Lit Reference: [11] D. L. Tennenhouse, J. M. Smith, W. D. Sincoskie, D. J. Weatherall, G. J. Minden, A Survey of8 ` :17377: Caption: Figure 8: Generic Active Node Architecture8 ` :17377: Caption: Figure 8: Generic Active Node Architecture8 ` \16278: Figure: Figure 3: Active Network Node Architecture in a Customer-Privider Environment8 ` M12722: Figure: Figure 3: Traditional Customer-Provider Management Interaction8 ` M12722: Figure: Figure 3: Traditional Customer-Provider Management Interaction8 `h14844: Lit Reference: 20. M. Brunner, R. Stadler, The impact of active networking technology on service8 `e14855: Figure: Figure 3: Management Interaction in an Active Telecom Environment that follows the VAN8 `e14855: Figure: Figure 3: Management Interaction in an Active Telecom Environment that follows the VAN8 `M12722: Figure: Figure 3: Traditional Customer-Provider Management Interaction8 `s22677: Lit Reference: [5] AN Architecture Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, Ken Calvert8 `x22800: Lit Reference: [7] S. Da Silva, Y. Yemini, D.Florissi, The Netscript Project, ICC Workshop on active Networking8 `\16278: Figure: Figure 3: Active Network Node Architecture in a Customer-Privider Environment8 `\16278: Figure: Figure 3: Active Network Node Architecture in a Customer-Privider Environment8 `s22677: Lit Reference: [5] AN Architecture Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, Ken Calvert8 `z19299: Lit Reference: [19] D. Decaspar, G. Parulkar, B. Plattner, A Scalable, High Performance Active Network Node, TODO8 `\16278: Figure: Figure 3: Active Network Node Architecture in a Customer-Privider Environment8 `336365: TableTitle: TABLE 1 VAN Management Interface8 `336365: TableTitle: TABLE 1 VAN Management Interface8 `D37719: Figure: Figure 6: Situation at the Start of the Demonstration8 `o20906: Figure: Figure 7: View of the VAN Provisioning System before (a) and after (b) Provisioning of a new VAN8 `o20906: Figure: Figure 7: View of the VAN Provisioning System before (a) and after (b) Provisioning of a new VAN8 `t30903: Figure: Figure 8: View of the Service Management Station after Provisioning a VAN for the particular Customer8 `t30903: Figure: Figure 8: View of the Service Management Station after Provisioning a VAN for the particular Customer8 ` p22648: Figure: Figure 8: Node Structure after Installing an IP-Service and Upgrading to a Multi-Class-IP-Service8 `!t30903: Figure: Figure 8: View of the Service Management Station after Provisioning a VAN for the particular Customer8 `"y28811: Lit Reference: [11] D. L. Tennenhouse, J. M. Smith, W. D. Sincoskie, D. J. Weatherall, G. J. Minden, A Survey of8 `#x22615: Lit Reference: [15] D.J. Wetherall, J.V. Guttag, D. L. Tennenhouse, ANTS: A Toolkit for Building and Dynamically8 `$|14128: Lit Reference: [15] J. Smith, D. Fraber, C. Gunter, S. Nettles, D. Feldmeier, W. Sincoskie, SwitchWare: Accelerating8 `%x22800: Lit Reference: [7] S. Da Silva, Y. Yemini, D.Florissi, The Netscript Project, ICC Workshop on active Networking8 `&y10141: Lit Reference: [16] S. Bhattacharjee, K. L. Calvert, E. W. Zegura, An Architecture for Active NEtworking, in pro8 `'{42724: Lit Reference: [7] U. Legedaza, J. Guttag, Using Network-level Support to Improve Cache Routing, 3rd International8 `(z16495: Lit Reference: [17] S. Bhattacharjee, K. L. Calvert, E. W. Zegura, Self-organizing wide-area network caches, IEEE8 `)s22677: Lit Reference: [5] AN Architecture Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, Ken Calvert8 `*y26771: Lit Reference: [14] Y. Yemini., S. da Silva, Towards Programmable Networks, Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Interna8 p+x22800: Lit Reference: [7] S. Da Silva, Y. Yemini, D.Florissi, The Netscript Project, ICC Workshop on active Networking8 p,y31350: Lit Reference: [14] J. E. van der Merwe, I. M. Leslie, Switchlets a Dynamic Virtual ATM Networks, Proceedings of8 p-v38903: Lit Reference: [22] A.A. Lazar, K.S. Lim, F. Marconcini, Realizing a Foundation for Programmability of ATM Net8 p.{29862: Lit Reference: [9] J. Biswas, A. Lazar, J. Huard, K. Lim, S. Mahjoub, L. Pau, M. Suzuki, S. Torstensson, W. Wang, S.8 p/}21565: Lit Reference: [3] A. Campbell, M. Kounavis, H. De Meer, K. Miki, J. Vicente,Toward Programmable Virtual Networking,8 p0y31350: Lit Reference: [14] J. E. van der Merwe, I. M. Leslie, Switchlets a Dynamic Virtual ATM Networks, Proceedings of8 p1z19299: Lit Reference: [19] D. Decaspar, G. Parulkar, B. Plattner, A Scalable, High Performance Active Network Node, TODO8 p2l33702: Lit Reference: [19] S. Alexander, W. Arbaugh, M. Hicks, P. Kakkar, A. Keromytis, J. Moore, C. Gunter,8 p3j38828: Lit Reference: [20] M. Hicks, P. Kakkar, J. Moore, C. Gunter, S. Nettles, Network Programming with<$lastpagenum><$monthname> <$daynum>, <$year>"<$daynum>/<$monthnum>/<$shortyear>;<$monthname> <$daynum>, <$year> <$hour>:<$minute00> <$ampm>"<$daynum>/<$monthnum>/<$shortyear><$monthname> <$daynum>, <$year>"<$daynum>/<$monthnum>/<$shortyear> <$fullfilename> <$filename> <$paratext[Title]> <$paratext[Heading1]> <$curpagenum> <$marker1> <$marker2> (Continued)+ (Sheet <$tblsheetnum> of <$tblsheetcount>)Heading & Page <$paratext> on page<$pagenum>Pagepage<$pagenum>See Heading & Page%See <$paratext> on page<$pagenum>. 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NR41 NTNUZTN42 NNNNNNR43 R53.1RRR53.2RZ-UVVTC44 SGSSSSSSS45 OVZVSS46 S;m[MLWWWWWW<Mk=Y56.1=^A2MK556.2AAB>Hg547 @??CPP6P6P6P6PQL 48 6QII6I6I6JJ^87YF81.YM82.Y83.Z84.Z85.Y}86.Y87.Y88.Y8 9.Y8 10.?8 11.?8 12.?8 13.?814.Y815.J816.T817.+SFIqZ^SFIq``fN||dRx'y ١yR١y١%١% Customer NMS {f\R{f\{lP{lPService Zf\RZf\ZlPZlPServicenͯY}RnͯY}DmnnX,WR X,WX V٬ R V٬ \M\MService Interface y㹗Q 9R y㹗Q 9y㹝_y㹝_Management InterfaceM׭R M׭M`٪M׭R M׭M`٪>i~t8cR >i~t8c>i~>iua ؕɁqR ؕɁqؕɈ#ؕɈ#Provider Domain ZϢB?RZϢB?ZCZCCustomer Domain X}L:ڈRX}L:ڈX)X)Service ManagementիKqb\RիKqb\,|a5R,|a5 i&K+Ri&K+iǒiService ProvisioningիbDqb6RիbDqb6 Hfy,RHfy,Hf%Hf% Provider NMS pƷ}L:ڈRpƷ}L:ڈpƽ)pƽ)Service ManagementDmKqb\RDmKqb\6|a5R6|a5 pƨX)K+RpƨX)K+pƮ}pƮ}Service ProvisioningXY},WRXY},Wt8cnͰR t8cnͰt8cnnX,WR X,WXt8cX,WRt8cX,Wt8cXf ,WRt8cXf ,WDmbDqb6R DmbDqb6mj`YR !"!mj`YDmj`mj`md_VR  "" md_Vmd_mp md_YVR!#&%md_YV !t8cj`&R "$%$t8cj`&t8cj`׉j`׉d_VR #%%#׉d_V׉d_׉p t8cd_&VR$&&"t8cd_&V#$t8cd_f VR%'t8cd_f V"%kbYwVR &kbYwVkbɅ}ZRɅ}ZRY ]Y ]ZpZIcfV ,U{#)|)Tt$kU(*)Tt$k ѓPU()+ѓPљCљC Customer NMS wyU(*,wyActive Service e͜|%U(+-wve͜|%enenGeneric |fHpPU(,.|fHpP|fn|fnProvisioning Interfaceځ[[=oU(-/ځ[[=oځ[[ lہ0U(.0lہ0lۇlۇProvider Domain UzB?U(/1UzB?UUCustomer Domain D*ftU(02ihD*ftD*l!D*l!ServiceTtQU(13TtQftd"5U(24ftd"5 %/BfU(35%/Bf%U%UVAN Provisioning(%֓uOU(46(%֓uO &IP,U(57&IP,&IC&IC Provider NMS翹ftd"5U(68翹ftd"5 IYBfU(79IYBfIIVAN ProvisioningwBU (8:;:wBwB>B>EU (9;;9>E>E>TwEU(:<wE9:mXz )U (;=mXz )mX  ``(!e(!N[tJeU(<>N[tJe3M7OU (=?@?3M7O3[f3M7Oy)M7OqU (>@@>y)M7Oqy)M7ODM7Oy)M7OqU(?ADCy)M7Oq>?׸U (@BCB׸׸G"{G"*U (ACCA{G"*{G"DG"{Ӹ*U(BDD@{Ӹ*ABy)ԣNU(CEy)ԣN@C 缹HU(DF缹H ] ]Active Network K QGjU (EGRPK QGjK CK CVANu~HLU (FHIHu~HLu~HL/~HL/wNU (GIIG/wN/wN/^uwNU(HJxLuwNGH`~HLU (IKLK`~HL~F~HL`~HL`wNU (JLLJ`wN`wN`^`wNU(KMxI`wNJK?ƞU (LNON?ƞ]E?ƞ?Ƙ6 U (MOOM?Ƙ6 ?Ƙ6?ƥ?Ƙ6 U(NP?Ƙ6 MN K Fۂ=+U (OQRFQK Fۂ=+K M#K M# Management K OU (PRRPK OK VWK VW InterfaceK Q=+OU(QSK Q=+OFQ NJWU(RTNJWNJWNJW rNGjU(SU{WrNGjxsxsVANrcrc0 U(TVrcrc0 8ְfX*?U (UW8ְfX*?8ְfX8AR)AR)QO8QO8b {TrU(VX{TX{Trzz } ͏ĈU(WY{W} ͏ĈFnFnMgtM%U (XZ[ZM%[;M%M%qU (Y[[YM%qM%&JM%M%qU(Z\`^M%qYZhwU ([]^]hwhwG_G_'U (\^^\G_'G_&G_hw'U(]_`[hw'\]! 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We propose that the provisioning of a specific (active) network service X is split ainto two different operations--a) the "provisioning of a generic service, which we call Uthe VAN service, is performed via the cooperative VAN provisioning interface; and b) ethe "installation of the specific service X is performed via the generic service interface, Uwithout further interaction with the provider. The same interface is used by the cusTFBH=tomer for managing service X during its lifetime. @: dfY~#6xdfY~#Xw}yy ,X,XU SFI8}} dfY~#V3{dfY~# ((BA}BA?ٔh ^The "generic service interface for accessing network services is enabled through the gXconcept of active packets. It is used for data transport, as well as for all operations Yrelated to the installation, supervision, upgrading and removal of a specific service X. 0U(See Section 6.2 for an example of service installation and supervision through this @ interface). @c `The "cooperative VAN provisioning interface, i.e., the interface through which the cus$bVtomer and the provider management systems cooperate, is restricted to the task of VAN BOprovisioning. VAN provisioning includes negotiating the Virtual Active Network ^@2topology and the resources allocated to the VAN. AK_ RWithin a domain, a VAN is created, changed, and monitored by the VAN provisioning W^^system, which interacts via the "VAN management interface with the active networking $}Rplatform. This interface can be realized using management protocols, such as SNMP ;vTor CMIP, or--by exploiting active networking technology--it can be realized using a 03Ysimilar interface as the generic service interface. In the latter case, VAN provisioning Rvia the VAN management interface uses the same techniques as service provisioning Yvia the generic service interface. (See Section 6.1 for a specific example.) The (local) @LVAN management interface for an active network node is given in Section 6. B h&@;The Virtual Active Network (VAN) CɔW ]A "Virtual Active Network (VAN) can be described as a graph of virtual active nodes ՔVZinterconnected by Virtual Links. Virtual active nodes are also called "Execution Envi"I! `ronments (EEs), following the terminology of the AN working group @<[1]@=. A virtual {QUactive node has resources attached to it in form of processing and memory resources, pe;|Xprovided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a virtual active link Xhas bandwidth allocated to it. We envision that a single (physical) active node can run Vseveral virtual active nodes belonging to different VANs, and a single (physical) netRwork link can support several Virtual Links for different VANs. (The term Virtual dfY~#8{dfY~#Xz|| ,X,XU SFI8 dfY~#Z3~dfY~###RQCYActive Network, as defined in this paper, is also used by other authors with a different Lmeaning @>[4]@?.) D SFigure 4 shows an active network with five nodes in a provider domain. On this netXwork, two VANs have been installed, one for customer 1 and one for customer 2 . The  Pfigure also shows the Management VAN, interconnecting the Management EEs, which BHZare used by the provider for VAN provisioning and supervision (see Section 5). @@ E| TWhat problem exactly does the VAN concept address and what are its benefits? First, \the VAN provides a "generic service abstraction for an active telecom environment. LUFrom a providers point of view, the VAN is the entity according to which active netQUNSwork resources are partitioned and according to which the customers, using the pro0QUNYviders infrastructure, must be isolated from one another. The VAN is further the (only) Yobject that is shared between provider and customer, and it is the object of negotiation Ubetween the two parties. Specifically, the provider is not concerned about which speYcific service(s) a customer is running on its VAN. The task of the provider is solely to Umonitor and police the use of resources on the VAN level and to ensure that the QoS, @Bas agreed upon between customer and provider, can be guaranteed. F SSecond, from a customers perspective, the VAN concept allows for installation and "Wmanagement of active network services, without interaction with the provider. (As  :Wmentioned above, all interactions between customer and provider relate strictly to the P~RVAN.) The customer can run a large variety of active network services on the VAN. dfY~#8~dfY~#X} ,X,XU SFI8 dfY~#^3dfY~#"++DFTThese services are only restricted by the specific Execution Environment(s) the VAN Vsupports. (Developing Execution Environments for active networks is currently subject Sof intensive research. In our work, we base on the current state of the AN working 0Ugroup [8]). Note that the high degree of customer control over services running in a Qproviders domain, which a VAN provides, is virtually impossible to realize with @.todays traditional networking technology. GQ UThird, --exploiting a general benefit of active networking-- the VAN concept enables "]Xrapid deployment of new network services. Deploying and upgrading network services EUPYis difficult and time consuming in todays networks, due to the closed, integrated archiZVtecture of network nodes. With the concept of a VAN, which divides the active network 0ZXresources into partitions for different customers, the installation of any customer-speXcific service becomes feasible, and, as explained before, it can be accomplished by the @: . X,X,Xf@ X Footnote. f@U  Heading1 Body. f@T  Heading1_wo_numBody. ׮ f@U  ׮ Heading2 .\tBody. f@T   HeadingRunInBody. ,X,Xf@ ,X Indented. XXXf@ ,X keyword_body Bold_Abstract Keywords. . ׮f@R ׮ Lit Reference R:.\t. ,Xf@ ,X Numbered.\t. ,Xf@E ,X Numbered1.\tNumbered. f@  organization. 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